Effect Of Micronutrient Supplementation on Children

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Nutrition in Children

Micronutrients Articles

Micronutrient Supplementation and its Effect

NUTRITION IN CHILDREN

Micronutrients in Children

Role of Micronutrients in Diet of Preschooler

Micronutrient Status of Children in India

Micronutrient Supplementation and it's Effect on Children

Micronutrients Vitamin B complex

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Community Level Micronutrient Deficiency in Preschoolers

Micronutrients: Vitamin A, E and K

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Adult Onset Diseases and Malnutrition

Nutrition In Indian Urban Children

Malnutrition Among Preschoolers

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MICRONUTRIENT SUPPLEMENTATION AND ITS EFFECT ON CHILDREN

Micronutrient Supplementation Effect on Children

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Multimicronutrient deficiency is common in children especially in infants and preschoolers. Poor maternal stores leading to poor fetal stores, poor complementary foods deficient in vitamins and minerals, fussy eaters and dislike of vegetables and fruits by children are some of the causes that have lead to micronutrient deficiencies in these children. However, several studies have suggested that intervention in form of fortification of food or micronutrient supplementation over a prolonged period of time tends to improved growth especially height, cognitive abilities and leads lesser infections in these children. In a study in Chennai, addition of powder containing ferrous glycine phosphate (elemental iron = 28 mg) and riboflavin (1 mg) to the noon meal in 65 school children between 5-9 years for a period of 100 days in 6 months decreased the prevalence of anemia from 69% to 32.8% and prevalence of angular stomatitis from 21% to 0%⁽¹⁾. Similarly another study from Chennai studied effect of a micronutrient supplement containing vitamin A, vitamin B₂, vitamin B₆, B₁₂, folic acid, niacin, calcium pantothenate, vitamin C, E, iron, lysine and calcium in 211 children from 5-15 years of age daily for 9 months. They found that hemoglobin, serum vitamin A, serum vitamin E, serum vitamin B₁₂ and serum folic acid increased significantly as compared to those children (202 children) who received no supplementation⁽²⁾ CHAMPION study (Children's Health and Mental Performance influenced by Optimal Nutrition) carried out in school children in Bangalore found that supplementation with higher concentration of multimicronutrients (100% of the recommended daily allowance) led to better linear growth as compared to supplementation with lower concentration of multimicronutrients (15% of RDA). Both groups had equal increase in cognitive performance⁽³⁾. Martorell et al found that weight gain during the first 2 years of life had the strongest association with schooling (better weight gain, more schooling)⁽⁴⁾.

Studies in preschoolers who were supplemented vitamin A, zinc, iron have also found that growth and weight increases significantly^{(5, 6)}.

Isolated deficiencies of micronutrients are rare and usually multimicronutrient deficiencies co-exist. The first 3 years of life are most crucial and vulnerable to the hazards of under nutrition⁽⁷⁾ as this is the time of faster physical growth, maximum brain development and development of immunity. Thus all efforts should be made to give a balanced and nutritious diet to these children and micronutrient supplements to meet 100% RDA for achieving physical growth and mental development to the optimum genetic potential.

References

1.		Vinodkumar M, Rajagopalan S. Efficacy of fortification of school meals with ferrous glycine phosphate and riboflavin against anemia and angular stomatitis in school children. Food Nutr Bull. 2009; 30: 260-264.
2.		Vinodkumar M, Rajagopalan S. Impact of a multiple micronutrient food supplement on the nutritional status of school children. Food Nutr Bull. 2006; 27: 203-210.
3.		Muthayya S, Eilander A, Transler C, Thomas T, van der Knaap HC, Srinivasan K, van Klinken BJ et al. Effect of fortification with multiple micronutrients and n-3 fatty acids on growth and cognitive performance in Indian school children : the CHAMPION (Children's Health and Mental Performance Influenced by Optimal Nutrition) study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009; 89: 1766-1775.
4.		Martorell R, Horta BL, Adair LS, Stein AD, Richter L, Fall CH, Bhargava SK et al. Weight gain in the first two years of life is an important predictor of schooling outcomes in pooled analyses from five birth cohorts from low-and middle-income countries. J Nutr 2010; 140: 348-354.
5.		Smith JC, Makdani D, Hegar A, Rao D, Douglass LW. Vitamin and zinc supplementation of preschool children. J Am Coll Nutr. 1999;18: 213-222
6.		Soliman AT, Al Dabbagh MM, Habboub AH, Adel A, Humaidy NA, Abushahin A. Linear growth in children with iron deficiency anemia before and after treatment. J Trop Pediatr. 2009; 55: 324-327.
7.		Singh M. Role of micronutrients for physical growth and mental development. Indian J Pediatr. 2004; 71: 59-62.

Last updated: 1^st May 2010 . Copyrighted Pediatric Oncall

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